Ke hoʻololi nei ʻo Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) i ke ʻano o kā mākou ʻai ʻana i ka ikehu, hāʻawi nuiof nā pōmaikaʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu akamai, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kumu kūʻai, ke kūpaʻa, ka mālama ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, a me ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni.
Hele mai ʻo BESS ma nā ʻano nui like ʻole, mai nā ʻāpana ʻohana paʻa a hiki i nā ʻōnaehana nui e mālama ana i nā ponohana a me nā ʻoihana a puni ka honua.ʻOkoʻa kēia mau ʻōnaehana ma muli o ka electrochemistry a i ʻole ka ʻenehana pākaukau a lākou e hoʻohana ai.Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻano pākaukau BESS mua a me nā manawa a lākou e hōʻike ai no nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu.
Nā Bati Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion).
E like me ka hōʻike 2020 e ka US Energy Information Administration (EIA), ma luna o 90% o ka nui o ka Battery Energy Storage Systems ma USA i hilinaʻi i nā pā lithium-ion.Hōʻike ka helu honua i kēia ʻano.Loaʻa kēia ʻano pākaukau rechargeable i nā kaʻa uila, nā mea hoʻohana uila, a me nā mea lawe lima e like me nā smartphones, laptops, tablets, and cameras.Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻenekini lithium-ion i nā kemika like ʻole, me ka lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, a me ka lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
He nui nā mea maikaʻi o nā pā Li-ion, e hana ana iā lākou i ʻenehana alakaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.He māmā kēia mau pākaukau, paʻa, hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika o ka ikehu, pono ka mālama liʻiliʻi, a hōʻike i nā ola lōʻihi.Eia kekahi, hoʻopaʻa wikiwiki lākou a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kā lākou drawbacks ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, flammability, a me ka naʻau i nā wela wela, ka hoʻouka ʻana, a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.
Nā Bateri Lead-Acid (PbA).
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻenekini lead-acid i kekahi o nā ʻenehana pākaukau kahiko a maikaʻi loa i loaʻa.ʻIke lākou i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka automotive, nā noi ʻoihana, a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama mana.ʻO ka mea nui, hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia kēia mau pākahi a hana maikaʻi i nā kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa.ʻO nā ʻokoʻa o kēia wā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pākaʻi lead-acid (VRLA) i hoʻoponopono ʻia e Valve-regulated, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ko lākou mau mua me nā ola lōʻihi, hoʻonui i ka hiki, a me ka mālama maʻalahi.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lohi lohi, kaumaha, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu nā palena nui o kēia ʻenehana.
Nā Bati Nikela-Cadmium (Ni-Cd).
Ua koʻikoʻi nā pila Ni-Cd i nā mea uila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia a hiki i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā pākahi Li-ion.Hāʻawi kēia mau pākaukau i ka versatility me nā hoʻonohonoho he nui, hiki ke maʻalahi, maʻalahi o ka lawe ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana, a me ke kūpaʻa i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Eia nō naʻe, haʻalele lākou ma hope o nā mea hoʻokūkū i ka nui o ka ikehu, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā ia iho, a me ka recyclability.ʻO nā ʻanuʻu nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH), kaʻana like ʻana i ka nickel oxide hydroxide (NiO(OH)) ma ke ʻano me ka ʻenehana Ni-Cd, hāʻawi i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki a me ka nui o ka ikehu.
ʻO nā Bateri Sodium-Sulfur (Na-S).
Hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻakai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e nā pāpaʻi sodium-sulfur, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i ʻenehana kūʻai.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau pākaukau i ka ikehu a me ka nui o ka mana, ka lōʻihi, a me ka hana paʻa ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.Eia nō naʻe, ua kaupalena ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana ma muli o ke koi no nā mahana hana kiʻekiʻe (ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 300 ℃) a me ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe.ʻO ka sodium, kahi mea koʻikoʻi, ke kau nei i nā hopohopo palekana no ka mea he mea wela loa a pahū.ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau pilikia, ʻike maikaʻi nā pākahi sodium-sulfur no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kūʻokoʻa i hoʻohui ʻia me nā kumu mana hou.
Nā Baʻa Kahe
ʻOkoʻa mai nā ʻokoʻa maʻamau e hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia e mālama i ka ikehu i loko o nā mea electrode paʻa, e kahe ana ka ikehu hale i nā ʻōhua electrolyte wai.ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau ka vanadium redox battery (VRB), me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me ka zinc-bromine, zinc-iron, a me iron-chromium chemistries.Hāʻawi nā ʻōhua Flow i kahi pūʻulu kūʻokoʻa o nā pōmaikaʻi, me ke ola lōʻihi loa (a hiki i 30 mau makahiki), ka scalability kiʻekiʻe, nā manawa pane wikiwiki, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ke ahi ma muli o kā lākou electrolytes non-inflammable.Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i nā pihi kahe i kahi mākeke koʻikoʻi i nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu on-grid a me waho-grid, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā noi nui.
Me kēia mau ʻenehana pākaukau, ke hoʻololi nei ka ʻāina ikehu, e hāʻawi ana i nā hopena like ʻole e hoʻokō i nā pono like ʻole ma waena o nā ʻoihana a me nā ʻāpana.Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻenehana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kuleana o ka Battery Energy Storage Systems i ke ʻano o ko mākou ikehu e hiki mai ana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-28-2023